1. The sphincters become leaky, and the urine overflows.

2. Two kidneys, two ureters, two urethral sphincters, and a urethra.

3. Resection of digestive sphincters like the pylorus (antrum) or the cardia (terminal esophagus) means reflux.

4. Anorectal fistulas are characterized by their tract location relative to the internal and external sphincters

5. They stress the anal sphincters more acutely than either the infrequent, small-amplitude, nonpropulsive contractions or clustered contractions of the healthy rectum.

6. The trained and experienced surgeon is able to perform operations above the pectinate line, for example, polyps, prolapsing tumors etc. without stretching the anal sphincters and without anaesthesia being neccessary.