1. Three distinct parasites are involved; Leishmania tropica, Leishmania major and Leishmania infantum.

2. Three Leishmania species, associated with distinct eco-epidemiological and clinical patterns, are involved, namely Leishmania infantum, L. major, and L. tropica.

3. Four Leishmania species are considered endemic in northern Afgahanistan, of which Leishmania tropica, L. major, and L. donovani can produce skin lesions while L. donovani and L. infantum visceralize.

4. Leishmania donovani promastigotes, upon internalization into host cells, undergo morphological transformation into Aflagellar amastigote forms

5. Leishmania tropica is more prevalent in Morocco, reaching 30–40% of isolates in some districts.

6. Yet no further morphological distinctive feature between Leishmania tropica and the other types is discernible when a comparison with the pertinent literature is made.

7. An infection caused by any of the flagellate protozoans of the genus Leishmania[sentencedict .com], transmitted to human beings and animals by bloodsucking sand flies.

8. A patient with an unusual ulcerative Leishmania tropica granuloma of the tongue is described which previously even by histology had been diagnosed as sarcoma. Our own diagnosis was histoplasmosis linguae at first sight.

9. Diagnosis of kala-azar is accomplished either by demonstration of amastigotes (LD bodies; Aflagellar forms) in splenic or bone marrow smears or by culture of leishmania promastigotes (flagellar forms) from clinical specimen (most commonly in NNN media)

10. The United Kingdom reported 7 accidents involving GMM belonging to class 2, namely two peristaltic pump failures (E. coli HMS174 (DE3) genetically modified to express Neisseria meningitidis surface proteins as well as H5N1 Influenza virus), an incubator failure (M. tuberculosis), a blockage of a steel pipe (vaccine influenza virus), a failure of the injection procedure (pigs injected with GM Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae), and two needle stick injuries (vaccinia virus and Leishmania mexicana).