Use "the religious establishment" in a sentence

1. At the same time, an anti-clerical, secular movement on behalf of constitutionalism appeared in Iran - a reaction to the absolutist alliance between the Quajar Shahs and the religious establishment.

Un fort courant de libéralisme est apparu à la fin du neuvième siècle dans la Syrie ottomane en réponse au despotisme religieux du sultan Abdulhamid.