1. Harada was very trusted by vice-commander Hijikata.

2. Vice-commander Toda Ujikane had 2,500 of his own troops.

3. Nagakura became a fukuchou jokin (assistant vice commander) in 1863.

4. In an interesting postscript to his involvement in the Boshin War, Brunet spoke highly of Shinsengumi vice-commander Hijikata Toshizō in his memoirs.

5. From 1985-87, he was the vice commander of Guangzhou Military Region, and became the commander and vice secretary of CPC's committee there in 1987 till 1990.