1. Tungstate ions were reduced to oxide with intermediate valence.

2. Methods for fabricating a stent using a laser with an Ytterbium Tungstate active medium are disclosed.

3. Thiocyanate, iodide, molybdate, tungstate, and tetrachloropalladate yielded partial or complete precipitation, but no analytically useful titration curves.

4. The inventive catalyst comprises active aluminum oxide on which alkaline tungstate and ammonium salts are deposited.

5. A series of supported tungsten phosphide catalysts were prepared by the method of temperature-programmed reduction of phospho -tungstate in hydrogen.