1. The haploid pollen cells develop in the tapetal zone from spore mother cells.

2. At the stage of microspore, the tapetal cells evidently degenerated, and starches in parenchyma around vascular bundle became large.

3. At the stage of Anther dehiscence, there was one-layer Anther wall of endothecium and the tapetal layer was digested completely to nourish the pollen grains.

4. After meiosis, abundant small starches appeared in parenchyma around vascular bundle, and the size of tapetal cells increased and became high vacuolation but there were no starches in the cells.

5. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the tapetal cells are formed at Anther stage 5, function at Anther stages 5–9, and degenerate via programmed cell death starting from Anther stage 10 to release their contents for pollen wall formation (Sanders et al., 1999)