1. My Songhai was pitiful, my Mandarin worse.

2. 4 My Songhai was pitiful, my Mandarin worse.

3. After the disastrous defeat at the Battle of Tondibi (1591), the Songhai Empire collapsed.

4. The Almoravids, or Men of the Ribat, were a large tribe of Berbers that detached themselves from the Empire of the Songhai to seek conquests for their own kingdom farther North