1. On the dark side of the planet, temperatures average 110 K. The intensity of sunlight on Mercury's surface ranges between 4.59 and 10.61 times the solar constant (1,370 W·m−2).

2. 18 Changes of the global temperature induced by the changes ice and snow areas, solar constant, surface albedo, carbon dioxide and aerosol have been simulated with a one–dimensional energy balance model.

3. Based on the recent theories of the general atmospheric circulation bySmagorinsky andMintz the time variations of the most essential geophysical parameters since the beginning of the paleozoic era — such as solar constant, albedo, rotation speed and radius of the earth, gravitation, heat flux from the interior, composition, baroclinity and thermal stability of the atmosphere — are discussed.