1. Numerous features of shoal mates, or Conspecifics, have been suggested to influence shoaling (social preference)-related responses

2. Aggradation and eventual shoaling of the reef complex occurred over an additional six sea-level cycles.

3. We investigated whether and how the shoaling behaviour of parasitized killifish is altered in ways that may facilitate transmission of the parasite to its final host, the belted kingfisher (Megaceryle alcyon).

4. The strategies that sailfish and thresher sharks employ against shoaling fish are more effective when the shoal is first concentrated into a ‘bait ball’ (Helfman, Collette & Facey, 1997; Oliver and colleagues, 2013; Domenici and colleagues, 2014).

5. ‘The otherwise Brackish groundwater had become safe for consumption.’ ‘This allows the tree to use the Brackish water by filtering out the salt.’ ‘These shoaling fish, found in temperate and tropical waters around the world, willingly enter Brackish waters, caring little how salty these are.’