1. Minnows — including shiners, Chubs, stonerollers, dace, and carp — are members of the minnow family, the Cyprinidae

2. This is a mutualistic relationship because the Yellowfin Shiners get egg protection from the Blueheads, while the addition of more eggs in the nest decreases the

3. These two species have a symbiotic relationship over the mound: the Blueheads tend to the nest and keep it free from silt, while the Yellowfin Shiners use it for spawning as well

4. And like, Sphiruk, I Chummed holes with minnow bits, typically the body and tail sections of the emerald and spottail shiners that I had clipped the heads off to tip my Jigging Raps and spoons

5. Carmine shiners are slender, elongate minnows that can be distinguished from other minnows in Manitoba by the following features: 1) the origin of the dorsal fin is located behind a line drawn vertically from the insertion of the pelvic fins, 2) absence of a fleshy keel on the abdomen and of a strongly decurved lateral line, 3) a narrowly conical snout that is equal in length, or nearly so, to their eye diameter, 4) 5-7 short gill rakers on the lower limb of the first gill arch, the longest being about as long as the width of its base, and 5) 4 slender, hooked, main row pharyngeal teeth (Stewart and Watkinson 2004; K.W. Stewart, Univ. of Manitoba, Winnipeg, pers. comm. 2005) (Figure 2).