1. The legal effect of renunciations has been considered by international tribunals, which ascribe to them a binding character, as was done in the cases related to the Ihlen declaration, by which Norway promised, recognized and even renounced in favour of Denmark; while this renunciation did involve a transfer rather than an abdication, which to some authors might constitute a treaty relationship, such an affirmation is unacceptable, since it undermines the unilateral character of the act.