1. After 3 months all patients except two with slight, conservatively treated stenosis were free of symptoms, all anal prolapses receded.

2. Since 1993, there has been the further option of treating anal and mucosal prolapses with a circular stapler, as developed by A. Longo.

3. It is the first method to allow for the management of immobile anal prolapses and extensive subanodermal convolutions and is also the first to preserve the entire anoderm.

4. Immobile hemorrhoidal and anal prolapses are usually managed with anoderm resection methods such as the Milligan–Morgan hemorrhoidectomy or reconstructive anoderm incision methods such as those devised by Parks, Fansler–Arnold and Winkler.

5. Below the dentate line local anaesthesia is sufficient for operative treatment of the following diseases: perianal thromboses, tumors of the skin and the connective tissue, skin tags, second degree hemorrhoids, segmental anal prolapses, anal fissures, cryptitis, uncom- phcated anal fistulas and perianal abscesses. The postoperative treatment follows the rules of healing by second intention.