1. In contrast to the wealth of information that exists on the effects of Abasic sites on DNA polymerases, very little is known about how these lesions interact with RNA polymerases.

2. Three conclusions can be drawn: The three polymerases show slightly different affinities for the same promoter.

3. Abasic (AP) sites are one of the most common DNA lesions that block replicative polymerases

4. Amplification with nonproofreading DNA polymerases results in the template-independent addition of a single nucleotide to the 3′-end of the PCR product, whereas the use of proofreading DNA polymerases results in blunt-ended PCR products (Clark, 1988; Hu, 1993)

5. During interphase, the chromatin is structurally loose to allow access to RNA and DNA polymerases that transcribe and replicate the DNA.

6. Although these lesions are devoid of the genetic information, adenine is most efficiently inserted when Abasic sites are bypassed by DNA polymerases, a phenomenon termed A‐rule.

7. In the active site of these enzymes, the incoming nucleoside triphosphate base-pairs to the template: this allows polymerases to accurately synthesize the complementary strand of their template.

8. What is the most likely reason for this high proportion of Adenines and thymines? - RNA polymerases are better at incorporating uracils and thymines into RNA molecules than incorporating guanines and cytosines.