1. Warm tone variant of most dominant European light soils - Albeluvisol and podzol, which cover 29% of the continent

2. Profile Nabbegat is a haplic Arenosol (with Mormoder humus form), overlying a plaggic Anthrosol, overlying a ploughed umbric Podzol (Fig

3. I could see they try to develop something to improve bad soils (podzol and Albeluvisol) in Russia (at least for regions with continental and mild subarctic climate)