1. Conchology, conchiliometry and soft-part morphology, including jaw, radula, reproductive and pallial systems are provided.

2. The Claustrum is a telencephalic, pallial subcortical structure which has been identified in all eutherian and metatherian mammals

3. Cardiid shells can be smooth or have strong, radial ribs on the exterior, also including spines or scale-like ornamentation in some species. Valve interiors have a weak, simple, uninterrupted pallial line and denticulations or crenulations corresponding to the exterior sculpture.