1. Orthotopic liver transplantation is, therefore, frequently the only remaining effective therapy for severe acute liver failure.

2. Heterotopic and orthotopic keratoplasty show no significant long-term differences in astigmatism and visual outcom.

3. The function of heterotopic and orthotopic Autografts of frozen–thawed ovarian cortex of sheep was compared in the present study.

4. Orthotopic Urinary Diversion (Neobladder) The creation of a reservoir (neo bladder) that is surgically Anastomosed (connected) to the urethra

5. The heart valve is placed inside the tricuspid annulus in an orthotopic position for the secondary anchoring forces applied here.

6. Orthotopic allogenic implantation in diaphyseal defects of dogs demonstrates the ability of such implants to bridge a great defect by induced new bone formation and the property of the newly formed bone to adapt to physiologic stress.