1. Affricates consonants consisting of plosive (obstruent) and fricative elements; for example, Russian ts and ch

2. Also, Catalan has final obstruent devoicing, thus featuring many couplets like amic ('male friend') vs. amiga ('female friend').

3. Hypernyms ("Continuant consonant" is a kind of): obstruent (a consonant that is produced with a partial or complete blockage of the airflow from the lungs through the nose or mouth)

4. An Affricate is a type of obstruent consonant the occlusion of which, when it is pronounced, does not terminate with the explosion of the plosive organs of speech but with their incomplete closure, which causes the formation of a fricative.

5. An Affricate is a type of obstruent consonant the occlusion of which, when it is pronounced, does not terminate with the explosion of the plosive organs of speech but with their incomplete closure, which causes the formation of a fricative.

6. Hypernyms ("Continuant" is a kind of): obstruent (a consonant that is produced with a partial or complete blockage of the airflow from the lungs through the nose or mouth) Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "Continuant"):

7. "Before a pause, /N/ is a uvular ; it assimilates to the place of articulation of a following stop, affricate, or nasal". "/Q/ becomes a phonetic copy of a following obstruent". /s, z/, /t, d/, /n/, /h, b/, /p/, /m/, and /r/ could be palatalized.

8. We've mentioned in class that the English phoneme /l/ has a number of Allophones: the clear 'l' [l], which is a voiced lateral alveolar approximant, as in leap [lip] – this is the usual allophone of /l/ before the vowel nucleus in a syllable; voiceless as in play , the usual allophone of /l/ after a voiceless obstruent; and velarized 'dark l