1. 9 Those correspond to Quaternary , Pliocene , Upper Miocene, Lower Miocene and Eocene respectively.

2. East Asian subtropical evergreen Broadleaved forests rose in the early Miocene and further diversified in the late Miocene.

3. Cardiid bivalves in the late Miocene Pannonian Lake Miiller, P

4. "L." elegans (Late Oligocene?/Early Miocene of St-Gérand-le-Puy, France) and "L." totanoides (Late Oligocene?/Early Miocene of SE France) are now in Laricola, while "L." dolnicensis (Early Miocene of Czech Republic) was actually a pratincole; it is now placed in Mioglareola.

5. The known prehistoric corvid genera appear to be mainly of the New World and Old World jay and Holarctic magpie lineages: Miocorvus (Middle Miocene of Sansan, France) Miopica (Middle Miocene of SW Ukraine) Miocitta (Pawnee Creek Late Miocene of Logan County, US) Corvidae gen. et sp. indet.

6. II — autochthonous Miocene system in the Carpathian Foredeep below the Skole Nappe;

7. Systematic and Paleobiogeographic Studies on the Japanese Miocene Argonautid Nautilus izumoensis, 1986

8. ARCHEROPS, A NEW Annectent HIPPOSIDERID GENUS (MAMMALIA: MICROCHIROPTERA) FROM THE AUSTRALIAN MIOCENE S

9. The rhinoceros-sized Promegatherium of the Miocene is suggested as the ancestor of Megatherium.

10. Megaderma lugdunensis: Discovered in France and the Czech Republic; dated from the mid-Miocene.

11. MPEF-PV-2523 (Puerto Madryn Late Miocene of Estancia La Pastosa, Argentina) "Aquila" danana (Snake Creek Late Miocene/Early Pliocene of Loup Fork, US) – formerly also Geranoaetus or Buteo Accipitridae gen. et sp. indet.

12. Continuous record of the evolution of lacustrine Cardiid bivalves in the late Miocene Pannonian Lake

13. An upper Miocene unconformable surface coincides with accretion and uplift of the Cascadia Accretionary Complex.

14. The retreat of the alluvial fans also continued during the Middle Miocene (Langhian and Serravallian).

15. Bream Head features a prominent bluff 490 metres in height, the remains of a Miocene andesitic volcano.

16. Archerops, a new Annectent hipposiderid genus (Mammalia: Microchiroptera) from the Australian Miocene - Volume 77 Issue 6

17. The late Oligocene-Miocene redbed unit resulted from continued terrestrial progradation and is characterised by alluvial deposits formed by small, southwards-flowing streams of high sinuosity, ultimately succeeded by carbonate and evaporitic deposits marking the early Miocene marine transgression.

18. 23 The thickening of the crust beneath the Cordillera Blanca was by magmatic accretion since the Miocene.

19. Apart from the indeterminable MACN-SC-1411 (Pinturas Early/Middle Miocene of Santa Cruz Province, Argentina), an extinct lineage of perching birds has been described from the Late Miocene of California, United States: the Palaeoscinidae with the single genus Paleoscinis.

20. Allier, France; Lower Miocene, MN 2a, ±23 Ma): first evidence of fossil life-history strategies in Castorid rodents

21. 4 North American cat of the Miocene and Pliocene; much earlier and less specialized than members of the genus Smiledon.

22. First Castorid (mammalia, rodentia) from the middle miocene of southeast Asia. Suraprasit K(1), Chaimanee Y, Martin T, Jaeger JJ.

23. "Late Miocene endemic Bovids in the Tyrrhenian palaeobioprovince: from Africa or Europe?" The Geology of East Libya

24. Systematic and Paleobiogeographic Studies on the Japanese Miocene Argonautid Nautilus izumoensis, 1986, Science Reports, 7 : 15-42, 8 plates

25. Aversus Octomylodon is an extinct genus of ground sloth of the family Mylodontidae , living during the Late Miocene ( Huayquerian )

26. The earliest known fossils of the great white shark are about 16 million years old, during the mid-Miocene epoch.

27. Early Castorids are predominantly a North American group, but by the Miocene, aquatic species that resembled modern beavers showed up in Eurasia

28. The Miocene volcanic suite of Sierra de Gata (Betic Cordillera) is composed of dacites, rhyodacites and rhyolites, besides basaltic andesites and andesites.

29. Garnets from Miocene di-normative, medium-K andesites as well as from a Mesozoic fine-grained albite granite have been petrologically investigated.

30. It has been known that the late middle Miocene in the San'in to Hokuriku districts may yield Argonautids and nautilids (e.g

31. Uplift of the coastal mountains caused the longitudinal depression to infil with sediment until aggradation virtually ceased in the Middle Miocene.

32. In amphibian: Annotated classification Clade Batrachia †Family Albanerpetodonidae (albanerpetodontids)Middle Jurassic to Lower Miocene. A peg and socket syphyseal articulation of the mandible

33. Traditionally, Analogising comparative anatomical approaches, working on features of individual bony elements, have led to the Miocene hominoids Proconsul heseloni and P

34. During the next major phase of activity, 30 enormous Oligocene-Miocene sarsen stones (shown grey on the plan) were brought to the site.

35. Cursoriality evolved in the Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla and Carnivora coincident with global cooling and the replacement of forests with open landscapes in the Oligocene and Miocene

36. Together with other gastropod taxa from the same deposits, Architectonicidae provide evidence for tropical to subtropical water temperatures in central Chile during the early Miocene

37. Biostratigraphy and paleoecology of early Miocene through early Pleistocene Benthonic and planktonic Foraminifera, San Joaquin Hills-Newport Bay-Dana Point area, Orange County, California

38. The Castorid Steneofiber from NW Germany and its implications for the taxonomy of Miocene beavers THOMAS MÖRS and CLARA STEFEN Mörs, T

39. Korth & Natalia Rybczynski (2003) A new, unusual Castorid (Rodentia) from the earliest Miocene of Nebraska, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 23:3, 667-675, DOI

40. The region is also the location of "Nullarbor limestone" and it has a reputation as a significant karst region with Oligocene and Miocene cave formations.

41. Benthonic foraminifera in the Upper Miocene Cruse Formation at Quinam Bay, Trinidad, western tropical Atlantic Ocean, and their palaeoenvironmental significance - Volume 151 Issue 3 - B

42. Argonautids are at present unknown below the middle Miocene, the oldest being Kapal batatrus Martin, 1929, from Palembang, Sumatra, and Argonauta [oanneus Hilber, 1915, from Steiermark, Austria

43. Cupules and fruits from the Early to Middle Miocene of Yunnan, southwestern China, are assigned to the genus Lithocarpus (Fagaceae) based on morphological and anatomical characters

44. The depression is filled mainly with Miocene sediments, made up of red clays and sludges with arkosic sandstone and conglomerates of Quaternary alluvial and fluvial origin.

45. Towards the south, Neogene planation has eroded the Paleogene pediplain, although major pediplanation and aggradation had everywhere ceased by the Upper Miocene when canyon formation commenced.

46. Faunistic elements of these affinities are recognizeable since at least Lower Miocene. A number of selected ichthyological data, recent and fossil, are presented on biogeographic maps.

47. Otodus Angustidens is a species of prehistoric megatoothed sharks in the genus Otodus, which lived during the Oligocene and Miocene epochs about 33 to 22 million years ago

48. During the Miocene, micro-Cursoriality was pre-adaptive to open, arid habitats, and became more derived in the newly evolved Elephantulus and Macroscelides elephant-shrews with trail

49. "Totanus" teruelensis (Late Miocene of Los Mansuetos (Spain) is sometimes considered a scolopacid – maybe a shank – but may well be a larid; little is known of it.

50. Costatum (Linnaeus) display a number of shell characters not found in other marine representatives of the Cardiidae (see below).On the other hand, the Miocene fresh- or brackish water

51. A systematic revision of the Cainozoic Trigoniidae (Mollusca:Bivalvia) reveals that the family is represented by two genera: Eotrigonia (Paleocene-Late Miocene), known only from southern Australia with species E

52. The Early Miocene "Larus" desnoyersii (SE France) and "L." pristinus (John Day Formation, Willow Creek, US) probably do not belong in this genus; the former may be a skua (Olson, 1985).

53. Within the Afar Depression the pre-Tertiary formations are covered by limnic-fluviatile — in upper portions marine — sediments, Miocene and Pliocene in age, thickening towards the centre of the Depression.

54. In addition, the fossil genus Qurliqnoria, from the Miocene of China, is thought to be an early member of the Pantholopinae, which diverged from the goat-antelopes around this time.

55. Anthropoidea (Simiiformes; cohort Unguiculata, order Primates) Suborder comprising the monkeys, apes, and humans.Monkeys and apes have a common ancestor and diverged in the Oligocene.The dryopithecines of the succeeding Miocene were undoubted apes

56. In the Ancodont family Caeno-theriidae, which became extinct early in the Miocene, numerous late Oligocene specimens with foramen ovale are known (basal view figures of 6 specimens in Hiirzeler, 1936)

57. The Oregon Agate and Mineral Society (Map, 1971) suggested that botryoidal Agates and moss Agates of several colors were found here in volcanic rocks of the John Day Formation of Miocene Age

58. In the volcanic region of Gleichenberg trachytes and trachyandesites of Miocene age are altered by postvolcanic activities, which cause the formation of kaolinite and smectite minerals as well as alunite and opal.

59. Phylogenetic studies suggest that Babirusas diverged from other pigs in the Miocene, approximate between 10 and 19 million years ago, which could well be the time when they became first isolated on Sulawesi

60. Based on polarity and tephra studies, as well as magnetostratigraphic correlation of the two study sites, we conclude that rates of loess accumulation in the Cypress Hills were apparently very low during the Late Miocene.

61. Biotites was dated using FT thermochronometry † Apatite FT ages of 49.6–16.7 Ma imply a reheating in the middle Miocene † Plastic deformations could have occurred at 68–50 Ma and/or ~19 Ma Supporting Information: † Supporting Information S1 Correspondence to: S

62. In a phylogenetic context, the isotopic evidence implies that woodcutting and consumption of woody plants can be traced back to a small-bodied, semiaquatic Miocene Castorid, suggesting that beavers have been consuming woody plants for over 20 million years.

63. The subsequent uplift of mountains in the western Mediterranean region and a global fall in sea levels combined to cause a temporary drying up of the Mediterranean Sea (known as the Messinian salinity crisis) near the end of the Miocene.

64. Most experts agree that babirusas are part of the pig family, and are one of the oldest living members of the family, representing a subfamily, Babyrousinae, that branched off from the warthog branch of the pig family (Subfamily Phacochoerini) during the Oligocene or early Miocene.

65. The first true Copepod fossils found were reported from Miocene and Pleistocene lake deposits, but the discovery of the fish parasite Kabatarina pattersoni Cressey and Boxshall, 1989 extends the Copepod fossil record back to 110–120 mya, in the Lower Cretaceous (Huys and Boxshall, 1991).

66. (2011) Merychyus calaminthus (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Oreodontidae) of probable early late Arikareean (late Oligocene to late early Miocene) age from the lower part of the Chalk Canyon Formation, Maricopa and Yavapai counties, central Arizona, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 1, 215-226 doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.539645

67. Although the southwest striking Canyon River Fault is not seen to directly connect with the Saddle Mountain faults, they are in general alignment, and both occur in a similar context of Miocene faulting (where Crescent Formation strata has been uplifted by the Olympics) and a linear aeromagnetic anomaly.

68. On the basis of their physical properties and their engineering characteristics, the Miocene, Pliocene and Quaternary deposits were divided into six units: unconsolidated man-made fill, unconsolidated surficial recent alluvium, unconsolidated surficial young alluvium, consolidated old alluvium, highly weathered soft rock units and slightly weathered relatively resistant rock units.

69. Several poorly known Cardiids from the Lower-Middle Miocene of France and Austria and from the Upper Oligocene of Hungary show closer morphological affinities with the living Cardium indicum Lamarck, 1819, rather than with the genus Bucardium or with Cardium costatum Linnaeus, 1758, the type species of Cardium Linnaeus, 1758.

70. Socal Whidbey 1.92 Brocher and Ruebel (1998) Well logs Siletz River: Pillow Lava: Coos County #1 1.97 Brocher and Horta (1998) Well logs Basalts: Silvana Community #12-1 2.24 Brocher and Ruebel (1998) Well logs Miocene volc.: Bethlehem #1 2.30 Brocher (2005b) Well logs Siletz River: Breccia: Weyerhaeuser B-1 2.31 Brocher and Horta (1998) Well logs

71. Ardipithecus is a genus of an extinct hominine that lived during the Late Miocene and Early Pliocene epochs in the Afar Depression, Ethiopia.Originally described as one of the earliest ancestors of humans after they diverged from the chimpanzees, the relation of this genus to human ancestors and whether it is a hominin is now a matter of debate