1. Heterospory The production of two different sizes of spore: microspores and megaspores.

2. Free-floating water ferns (of the modern genera Azolla and Salvinia) are widespread in the Cainozoic.They are represented by whole plants and dispersed or interconnected megaspores and microspore massulae in freshwater facies associated with a range of aquatic angiosperms.

3. The first, or parasitic classifications of Sabouraud, rests on the morphology of the dermatophytes on the hair in vivo (Achorion, Trichophyton endothrix or ectothrix microides and megaspores, Microsporum) or on the absence of growth on the hair in vivo (Epidermophyton).