1. Tagma: a specialized grouping of Arthropodan segments, such as the head, the thorax, and the abdomen with a common function; malpighian tubule: a tubule that extends from the alimentary canal to the exterior of the organism, excreting water and wastes in the form of solid nitrogenous compounds

2. The distal Convoluted tubule is split up functionally into the early distal Convoluted tubule and the late distal Convoluted tubule which is very similar to the collecting ducts

3. Malpighian Corpuscle definition is - the part of a nephron that consists of a glomerulus and Bowman's capsule —called also Malpighian body.

4. As the fluid continues to flow along the tubule toward the larger collecting tubule, or collecting duct, other cells in the tubule wall release additional secretions into it, including ammonia, potassium, urea, uric acid, and excess water.

5. The early distal Convoluted tubule is impermeable to water, and the tubular fluid contains more sodium than the tubule cells so sodium ends up flowing down its

6. The dark Leydig-cells possess a tubule-formed, fine-meshed, tightly packed, agranular, endoplasmatic reticulum.

7. Bowman’s capsule is actually the indented end of the convoluted tubule of the nephron.

8. The terrestrial Arthropods excrete through Malpighian tubules while the aquatic ones excrete through green glands or coaxal glands

9. Coleoptile the first leaf of cereal grasses, which has no blade and consists of a closed tubule

10. In free-flow the ammonia concentration rises and the pH decreases along the proximal convoluted tubule.

11. Our results show that the distal tubule microperfused in vivo during rebound metabolic alkalosis continues to reabsorb significant amounts of bicarbonate, despite the presence of systemic alkalemia that we have previously shown to be associated with distal tubule bicarbonate secretion.

12. Aldosterone stimulates sodium transport across cell membranes, particularly in the distal renal tubule where sodium is exchanged for hydrogen and potassium.

13. Aký je rozdiel medzi kapsulou Bowman a kapsulou Malpighian? Bowmanova kapsula a glomeruly sú spoločne nazývané malpighovské kapsuly.

14. Apocrine sweat glands, which are usually associated with hair follicles, continuously secrete a fatty sweat into the gland tubule. Emotional stress causes the tubule wall to contract, expelling the fatty secretion to the skin, where local bacteria break it down into odorous fatty acids.

15. These are efficiently plucked out by being reabsorbed into the tubule wall and passed back into the surrounding network of capillaries to reenter your bloodstream.

16. However, no ultrastructural study has been performed to differentiate diabetic verses toxic affects of Alloxan to the tubule and/or glomerulus

17. The tubule runs into a larger collecting duct, which carries away the waste and toxic substances filtered out by the nephron.

18. ALDS : Aldosterone stimulates sodium transport across cell membranes, particularly in the distal renal tubule where sodium is exchanged for hydrogen and potassium

19. This paper describes the localization of adenosine triphosphatase within certain ultrastructural elements of the cells of the initial and main regions of the Malpighian tubules of Drosophila melanogaster larvae.

20. The polyuria and dehydration of ill rabbits in clinic were related to renal epithelium apoptosis of distal convoluted renal tubule and collecting duct.

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22. Stunted growth: an Atmin mutant mouse kidney (right) is smaller and less developed, with fewer tubule branches than a healthy kidney (left) The development of the kidneys is a complex process

23. In carious dentine, three different morphological types of crystalline inclusion were found in tubule lumens in addition both to the rhombohedral crystals usually described and to the accumulation of peritubular (intratubular) dentine.

24. Sodium ions, precipitated as sodium-antimonate, are found in the cytoplasm, the mitochondrial matrix, and the nucleoplasm as well as extracellularly. Chloride ions, precipitated as AgCl, are mainly localized between adjacent tubule cells.

25. - This is an important tribe of beetles, including families with four malpighian tubes and only five or six abdominal sterna, while in the thorax there is a Backwardly directed process of the prosternum that fits into a mesosternal cavity.

26. Telford et al., 1962; MHW, 1999] Reproductive toxicity Lowest oral (diet) LOEL (male rat) = 42.3 mg/kg-bw per day: decreased absolute and relative testis weights, testis tubule atrophy and decreased spermatogenesis (18-month study) (Takagi et al., 1994)

27. After native egg albumin or purified ovalbumin are administered intraperitoneally to the mouse, the epithelial cells of the proximal renal tubule show an increased uptake of albumin, manifested especially by a multiplication of “Speicherkörper” (phagosomes), and by changes in the mitochondria.

28. Coxal gland, in certain arthropods, one of a pair of excretory organs consisting of an end sac where initial urine is collected, a tubule where secretion and reabsorption may take place, and an excretory pore at the base (coxa) of one of the legs

29. These included preputial gland carcinomas (in 5/50 males at 200 ppm, p < 0.001) and renal tubule adenomas in both sexes (in 1/50 males at 6.25, 3/48 at 62.5 ppm and 1/49 at 200 ppm, and in 2/50 females at 200 ppm, compared with none in controls).