1. Beneath the caldera is the magma chamber of the Grímsvötn volcano.

2. Using seismographs, they're able to hear molten rock... flowing into the magma chamber.

3. As the volcano fractured, gases and volatiles escaped from the magma chamber.

4. The mechanism allows for great variation and complexity in magma chamber sedimentation.

5. 28 Instead it slowly froze in a magma chamber into a mush of coarse crystals.

6. Instead it slowly froze in a magma chamber into a mush of coarse crystals.

7. This work can also help to explain processes that occur within the Earth, such as subduction and magma chamber evolution.

8. A Caldera is a depression created after a volcano releases the majority of the contents of its magma chamber in an explosive eruption

9. A large volcanic eruption sometimes results in the formation of a caldera, caused by the collapse of the magma chamber under the volcano.

10. An alternative hypothesis is proposed involving fractional crystallization of an ultrabasic melt introduced to the magma chamber as periodic inflows of essentially the same composition.

11. A two-stage model involving sidewall crystallization and upwelling of fractionated magma accumulating near the roof of the magma chamber is proposed to explain the reverse zoning.

12. Both ignimbrites originated from different parts of the same magma chamber and their origin in the La Pacana caldera is established by isotope ratios of the rocks and the geographical distribution of their outcrops.

13. Comparison with petrological data of the volcanic rocks also implies that olivine was in a reaction relationship with an intermediate alkalic magma in both the intruded magmas at shallow depth and in the magma chamber at great depth.