1. African lungfishes breed at the beginning of the rainy season.

2. The African lungfishes are obligate air breathers, with reduced gills in the adults.

3. Holonyms ("Barramunda" is a member of): genus Neoceratodus; Neoceratodus (extant Australian lungfishes)

4. Among these species, Aestivation is characterized by inactivity and fasting, and for lungfishes and amphibians the formation of a

5. Aestivation or daily torpor is an adaptive tactic to survive hot and dry periods of low food availability, and has been documented for species of lungfishes, teleost fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals

6. The bones of the skull roof in primitive lungfish are covered in a mineralized tissue called cosmine, but in post-Devonian lungfishes, the skull roof lies beneath the skin and the cosmine covering is lost.