1. Haematuria Urinary incontinence Urine flow decreased Polyuria Renal function abnormal

2. 12 She had no renal colic, haematuria, pyuria or pause in urine stream.

3. Actual urinary complaints such as haematuria or oliguria are uncommon, though these are seen commonly in nephritic syndrome.

4. If a rapid test-strip test shows haematuria, it is necessary to eliminate the possibility of a false positive reaction due to free haemoglobin or myoglobin. Microhaematuria can be confirmed by phase-contrast microscopy from the mid-urine stream, which quantifies the haematuria (preferentially by a Fuchs-Rosenthal counting chamber ), and allows to differentiate glomerular from non-glomerular haematuria by the determination of acanthocytes in the urine sediment.