1. These included the acanthocephalan Echinorhynchus gadi previously unreported from herring in the northwestern Atlantic and the monogenean Gyrodactyloides andriaschewski herein described from herring for the first time.

2. The structure of the skin of the spiny-headed wormEchinorhynchus gadi resembles the one of the rotiferBrachionus calyciflorus and is in sharp contrast to that of the cestodes which are also intestinal parasites and do not possess an alimentary canal, too.