1. Forced aeration systems

2. aeration of the windrow (e.g. via the windrow turning frequency, O2 and/or CO2 concentration in the windrow, temperature of air streams in the case of forced aeration);

3. While the ability of induced or forced aeration to reduce or eliminate cavitation has been known for many years, it is only in relatively recent times that the aeration mechanism has been used to this advantage on spillways subject to high velocity flow.