1. Herbals were replaced by floras: books that described the native plants of local regions.

2. Thereafter, and throughout the late glacial and earliest Holocene, diatom floras were dominated by alkaliphilous and circumneutral species of Fragilaria.

3. I–III, and for species not treated there according to an alphabetical list of species based on S.W. European floras, completed with ad hoc data for other parts of Europe.

4. Karyological studies on tropical woody Angiosperms are essential for the systematics of the group, for an understanding of the evidently distinctive tropical evolutionary patterns, and for the elucidation of ecological-geographical differentiations in tropical floras and their temperate derivatives.