1. There dishonest merchants made “the ephah small” and “the shekel great,” even selling “mere refuse” as grain.

2. 15 Ephah , Caleb's concubine , bore Haran , Moza and Gazez; and Haran became the father of Gazez.

3. At the end of that verse, merchants are described as using a “scrimped ephah measure,” that is, one that is too small.

4. For even ten acres of vineyard will produce but one bath measure, and even a homer measure of seed will produce but an ephah measure.” —Isaiah 5:8-10.

5. By the time Ruth finished beating out the grain and gathering it all up, she found that she had gleaned about an ephah measure, or 20 dry quarts (22 L), of barley.