1. Roger II appointed the powerful Greek George of Antioch to be his "emir of emirs" and continued the syncretism of his father.

2. Ruling in Egypt and Syria from 1250 to 1517 ce, the Mamluks developed emblems called Blazons that they used as markers to identify individual sultans and emirs.Blazons of emirs featured stylized symbols of office

3. The base of the Almoravid empire was a direct bond between the legal scholars and the acting Emirs, a bond that Al-Ghazali and now many moderate Muslims believe was improper and corrupt.

4. Ahmad ibn Buya (Persian: احمد بن بویه, died April 8, 967), after 945 better known by his laqab of Mu'izz al-Dawla (Arabic: المعز الدولة البويهي ‎, "Fortifier of the Dynasty"), was the first of the Buyid emirs of Iraq, ruling from 945 until his death.