1. The determining is based on Doppler shift measurements 102a.

2. This was done by making sensitive measurements of the Doppler shift of the spectral lines of Gliese 876.

3. Vesto Slipher tried to measure the Doppler shift of light from Venus, but found he could not detect any rotation.

4. Alternatively, strain velocity may be determined directly (26, 27) from the difference in Doppler shift between range positions (21, 22).

5. These experiments measured the Doppler shift of the radiation emitted from cathode rays, when viewed from directly in front and from directly behind.

6. Similarly, FDMA systems must use a guard band between adjacent channels, due to the unpredictable Doppler shift of the signal spectrum because of user mobility.

7. Laser Doppler Anemometry [LDA] The concept of a Doppler shift is familiar to us from the downshift in pitch that we hear as a siren moves towards and then away from us

8. Laser Doppler velocimetry, also known as laser Doppler Anemometry, is the technique of using the Doppler shift in a laser beam to measure the velocity in transparent or semi-transparent fluid flows or the linear or vibratory motion of opaque, reflecting surfaces.

9. A known ground location (KGL) satellite transceiver can include a position and elevation acquisition module configured to determine a time of flight (TOF) of a pseudonoise (PN) signal and a Doppler shift in a KGL signal for use in determining an orbit of a satellite.