1. Also, Catalan has final obstruent devoicing, thus featuring many couplets like amic ('male friend') vs. amiga ('female friend').

2. This process, which has a universal basis in laryngeal function (Ohala 1978), starts out as a low-level phonetic process, resulting in high and low Allotones conditioned by initial voicing: the distinction becomes phonemic after devoicing takes place or after the parallelism in tonal contours between high and low allophones is disrupted by