1. Closed Chain several atoms linked together so as to form

2. A new solution for inverse kinematics equation of 6 DOF robotic manipulator with local closed chain is presented.

3. What does Cyclic mean? Of or relating to compounds having atoms arranged in a ring or closed-chain structure

4. VC algorithm to obtain the vertex covering of a graph is presented. The VC representative and full closed chain of the graph are defined.