1. Lupines, mountain ash, cinquefoils, Arnicas, pearly everlastings and grass-of-parnassus also make their debut in early Summer

2. Among the Rosaceae, cinquefoils are close relatives of avens (genus Geum) and roses (Rosa), and even closer relatives of Agrimonies (Agrimonia)

3. Botany by Wilfred William Robbins, John Nathan Martin (1919) "Some of them, as the Cinquefoils or Five-fingers and the Agrimonies, are weeds