1. Acetylcholine and cholinergic agonists inhibited muscle contraction while cholinergic antagonists stimulated contraction.

2. Acetylcholine is the endogenous agonist at muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors

3. Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter produced by neurons referred to as cholinergic neurons

4. Concentration of Autoantibodies against muscarinic cholinergic receptors in patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome

5. Anticholinergic syndrome is produced by the inhibition of cholinergic neurotransmission at muscarinic receptor sites

6. Adrenergic receptors are G-protein bound receptors while cholinergic receptors are inotropic and metabotropic

7. Atropen belongs to a class of drugs called Anesthetic Premedication Agents; Cholinergic, Toxicity Antidotes.

8. From the Cambridge English Corpus Oscillations of free cytosolic calcium evoked by cholinergic and catecholaminergic Agonists …

9. The regulatory action of radix Astragali on M-cholinergic receptor of the brain of senile rats

10. Parts in the body that use or are affected by acetylcholine are referred to as cholinergic.

11. Acetylcholinesterase hydrolyzes the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions and brain cholinergic synapses, and thus terminates signal transmission

12. Serum Anticholinergic activity measures in vitro muscarinic affinity and has been improved to include cholinergic receptor subtypes

13. In addition, an acute gastrointestinal syndrome can be combined with cholinergic toxicity, epileptiformic response or immunohemolytic anemia.

14. Loss of Cholinergic neurons is associated with impaired cognitive function, particularly memory loss and Alzheimer disease (AD).

15. Acetylcholinesterase hydrolyzes the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions and brain cholinergic synapses, and thus terminates signal transmission

16. Acetylcholine Chloride is the chloride salt form of Acetylcholine, a synthetic, quaternary amino alcohol with cholinergic properties

17. Atropen is a cholinergic muscarinic antagonist indicated for the treatment of poisoning by susceptible organophosphorus nerve agents having

18. Acetylcholinesterase/ACHE: Products The classical role of ACHE is to terminate cholinergic neurotransmission by hydrolysis of acetylcholine (ACH)

19. Atropine functions as a sympathetic, competitive antagonist of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, thereby abolishing the effects of parasympathetic stimulation

20. Cholinergic system, including acetylcholinesterase and Acetylcholinic receptor, has been detected in HCC, and Ach promotes HCC cell proliferation

21. Acetylcholinesterase definition is - an enzyme that occurs chiefly in cholinergic nerve endings and promotes the hydrolysis of acetylcholine : cholinesterase

22. On the later preparation, flurazepam blocked in a noncompetitive manner the response of the frog muscle to applied cholinergic agonists.

23. Aldicarb (and its sulfoxide metabolite) binds and inhibits acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme responsible for metabolizing the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at cholinergic nerve terminals

24. Agranular vesicles characteristic of cholinergic innervation are also seen but there is no evidence of adrenergic innervation to the smooth muscle.

25. (2) The aganglionic LAS of patients with HD was more strongly innervated by cholinergic nerves than the normal IAS (p<0.05).

26. Discussion of the specific advantages: betanechol is a muscarinic cholinergic agonist that stimulates acetylcholine receptors on gastrointestinal smooth muscles, causing them to contract.

27. Beta-amyloid(1-42)-induced cholinergic lesions in rat nucleus basalis Bidirectionally modulate serotonergic innervation of the basal forebrain and cerebral cortex

28. Mechanism of action The most important therapeutic action of Atropine is the inhibition of smooth muscle and glands innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves

29. Ache A gene on chromosome 7q22 that encodes acetylcholinesterase, which hydrolyses the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions and brain cholinergic synapses, terminating signal transmission.

30. The compounds of the invention are found to be cholinergic ligands at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and modulators of the monoamine receptors and transporters.

31. From a neurobiological perspective, three syndromes emerge that relate to specific dysfunctions of afferent cholinergic and serotonergic visual circuitry and promise future therapeutic advances.

32. All our advanced severe cases of Alzheimer's disease had dramatic cholinergic cell loss in the basal forebrain, even after correction for cell or nucleolus shrinkage.

33. We conclude that the Na+–Ca2+ exchange systems of rat pancreatic and submandibular gland acini contribute little to the overall regulation of at rest during cholinergic stimulation.

34. Apart from measuring cerebral perfusion and glucose metabolism the development of new ligands, concerning the cholinergic system and the visualization of amyloid plaques, is of great importance.

35. The present invention relates to novel diazabicycloalkane derivatives, which are found to be cholinergic ligands at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and modulators of the monoamine receptors and transporters.

36. Atropine inhibits the muscarinic actions of acetylcholine on structures innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves, and on smooth muscles which respond to endogenous acetylcholine but are not so innervated.

37. In the aganglionic, constricted section of the colon from two cases of Hirschsprung's disease, adrenergic and cholinergic axons establish frequent synaptic contacts with smooth muscle cells by exposed varicosities.

38. 30 It is recently found that the efferent vague nerve inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine release and protects against IRI and termed this vagal function "the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway".

39. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a crucial enzyme in the cholinergic nerve system that hydrolyzes acetylcholine (ACh) and terminates synaptic signals by reducing the effective concentration of ACh in the synaptic clefts

40. Axon profiles containing small agranular vesicles characteristic of cholinergic nerves and small granular vesicles characteristic of adrenergic nerves were seen in close association with airway smooth muscle and with one another.

41. Adrenergic pathway is responsible for the fight or flight response by releasing the catecholamines adrenalin from the adrenal gland whereas cholinergic pathway is in charge of the digest and rest response.

42. An hypothesis is proposed to account for the occurrence of adverse haemodynamic reactions to succinylcholine. Interaction of succinylcholine with cholinergic receptors is postulated to result in release of endogenous catecholamines (predominantly norepinephrine).

43. Aldicarb has high acute toxicity, causing cholinergic symptoms due to the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). These symptoms are dose-dependent, are rapidly reversible, and do not occur at expected human exposure levels

44. Atropen is a cholinergic muscarinic antagonist indicated for the treatment of poisoning by susceptible organophosphorus nerve agents having cholinesterase activity as well as organophosphorus or carbamate insecticides in adult and pediatric patients

45. Atropen is a cholinergic muscarinic antagonist indicated for the treatment of poisoning by susceptible organophosphorus nerve agents having cholinesterase activity as well as organophosphorus or carbamate insecticides in adult and pediatric patients

46. Atropine is a prescription medicine used to treat the symptoms of low heart rate (bradycardia), reduce salivation and bronchial secretions before surgery or as an antidote for overdose of cholinergic drugs or mushroom poisoning

47. We investigated 24 patients with primary alcoholism after 2–3 weeks abstinence in the sleep laboratory; in 15 of these patients the cholinergic REM sleep induction test (CRIT) with 10 mg galanthamine was performed additionally.

48. The first H1 sedating Antihistamines have been available for more than 60 years and were synthesized based on a chemical structure similar to that used to develop cholinergic muscarinic antagonists, tranquilizers, and antihypertensive agents.

49. Atropine Solution is a prescription medicine used to treat the symptoms of low heart rate (bradycardia), reduce salivation and bronchial secretions before surgery or as an antidote for overdose of cholinergic drugs or mushroom poisoning

50. The Coexistences indicated that the insulin signaling may play an important part in the activities of cholinergic neurons, and the impairment of the pathway may be important in the mechanisms that underlie neurodegeneration in AD.

51. Moxabelil is a commonly used gastrointestinal motility drug in clinical practice, which activates the cholinergic 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor in the gastrointestinal wall muscles, releasing a large amount of acetylcholine, thereby promoting gastrointestinal peristalsis, and Acceleratings …

52. Moxabelil is a commonly used gastrointestinal motility drug in clinical practice, which activates the cholinergic 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor in the gastrointestinal wall muscles, releasing a large amount of acetylcholine, thereby promoting gastrointestinal peristalsis, and Acceleratings …

53. A toxic alkaloid found in certain tropical South American trees that is a powerful relaxant for striated muscles; "Curare acts by blocking cholinergic transmission at the myoneural junction" more Show declension of Curare ( )) Picture dictionary

54. It is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of Acetylcholine and of some other choline esters that function as neurotransmitters.AChE is found at mainly neuromuscular junctions and in chemical synapses of the cholinergic type, where its activity serves to

55. Anticholinergic Agents (Anticholinergic Toxidrome) Concise toxidrome definition: Exposure to an Anticholinergic chemical may result in under stimulation of cholinergic receptors leading to dilated pupils (mydriasis), decreased sweating, elevated temperature, rapid heart beat, and mental-status changes, including characteristic hallucinations.

56. It is an indirect acting parasympathomimetic Constriction of sphincter pupillae muscle around the pupillary margin and thus increases aqueous outflow Retinal detachment, miosis, cataract, pupillary block glaucoma, iris cyst, Browache and punctal stenosis Physostigmine Cholinergic drugs Concentration : 0.25-0.5% drop Mechanism Side effects

57. Atropine may also be used to restore cardiac rate and arterial pressure during anesthesia, to lessen the degree of atrioventricular heart block, to restore normal heart rate and rhythm, and as an antidote for the overdose or poisoning of a cholinergic drug.

58. Based on evidence from Autosomal Dominant NFLE, a genetic disorder with mutations in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(nAchR), we hypothesise that arousal parasomnias and NFLE both, have abnormal arousal mechanisms in the dorsal cholinergic arousal branch triggering peculiar motor patterns in the medial frontal lobe regions.

59. Acetylcholinesterase modulates stress-induced motor responses and facilitates resumption of normal motor behavior following stress through both catalytic and noncatalytic features The effects of porphyrinogenic drugs on the brain cholinergic system (Ache, Bche, and Chrm1 levels in various regions of the brain) were examined to establish a

60. Anticholinergics have a wide range of therapeutic uses: prior to anesthesia, as a prophylactic for preventing motion sickness, in symptomatic control of Parkinson's disease, in abnormal slowing of the heart in poisoning with organophosphates and other cholinergic drugs, and in the treatment of peptic ulcer and irritable bowel syndrome.

61. Botulins are potent neurotoxins produced by the bacillus, Clostridium botulinum.The toxins are proteins that bind to a receptor on the presynaptic membrane of neurons in peripheral cholinergic synapses.Botulinum toxins act at four different sites in the body: The neuromuscular junction, autonomic ganglia, postganglionic parasympathetic nerve endings and postganglionic sympathetic nerve endings

62. Botulins are potent neurotoxins produced by the bacillus, Clostridium botulinum presynaptic membrane of neurons The toxins are proteins that bind to a receptor on the in peripheral cholinergic synapses.Botulinum toxins act at four different sites in the body: The neuromuscular junction, autonomic ganglia, postganglionic parasympathetic nerve endings and postganglionic sympathetic nerve endings

63. Atropine [at´ro-pēn] an anticholinergic alkaloid found in belladonna; it acts as a competitive antagonist of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, blocking stimulation of muscles and glands by parasympathetic and cholinergic sympathetic nerves; used as the sulfate salt as a smooth muscle relaxant, as an antiarrhythmic, as a preanesthetic to reduce

64. Anesthetics can alter the TCR at many sites within the brain stem circuitry, including (1) the primary afferent pathway (the sensory nerve endings of the trigeminal nerve via the Gasserian ganglion to the trigeminal nucleus) that synapses upon neurons in the sensory trigeminal nucleus and (2) second-order neurons to the efferent cholinergic cardioinhibitory neurons in the nucleus