1. Bukhara [1] Established in the sixteenth century, the Bukharan khanate maintained commercial and diplomatic contact with Russia [2]

2. The above was reflected in the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic's flag, as designed upon its foundation, combining the Communist Hammer and Sickle with the traditional Crescent, which had appeared in the flag of the Emirate of Bukhara as well as in those of the Ottoman Empire and various other Islamic states.