1. S-abscisic acid

2. S-Abscisic acid

3. It is antagonistic abscisic acid in abscission.

4. S-abscisic acid is naturally occurring in plants.

5. Abscisic acid carrier gene and transgenic plant expressing same

6. Shorter exposure times to 32 μM abscisic acid were not as effective as maturation on a medium containing 16 μM abscisic acid for 28 days.

7. Key words: abscisic acid, cytokinins, hardening, Triticum aestivum, winter wheat.

8. Ultrastructural localization of abscisic acid in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv.

9. Method of monitoring gibberellin and abscisic acid synthesis during barley milling

10. Treatments with abscisic acid and salicylic acid had no significant effect on hardening.

11. Keywords: abscisic acid, dihydroabscisic acid, acetylenic analogs, optically active analogs, plant growth regulators.

12. Cycloheximide, actinomycin D, and abscisic acid inhibited the formation of the fast-migrating peroxidases.

13. Abscisic acid reduced photosynthetic rate and conductance in air in proportion to the amount applied.

14. ∙L−1) of abscisic acid promoted further maturation of embryoids, while gibberellic acid (1 mg

15. SUMO also regulates abscisic acid (ABA) signalling, a plant hormone that mediates environmental stress responses, and flowering.

16. Abscisic acid exogenously applied to actively growing plants rapidly induced turion formation even under noninductive environmental conditions.

17. However, abscisic acid accumulation precedes proline accumulation in both the drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive cultivars.

18. Key words: abscisic acid accumulation, cell-wall elasticity, drought stress, Nicotiana tabacum L., proline accumulation, selection parameters.

19. Photoperiod and temperature modified the response of this species to exogenous application of gibberellins (GAs) and abscisic acid (ABA).

20. A plant nucleic acid sequence is provided which encodes a protein involved in the synthesis of abscisic acid.

21. Use of s-abscisic acid for improving fruit budding and producing parthenocarpic fruit and as a growth inhibitor

22. In both experiments, needle samples were taken four times during and after the treatments for abscisic acid assay.

23. A nucleic acid promoting sequence is also provided wherein the sequence is induced by water deficit or abscisic acid.

24. Abscisic acid (ABA), auxin (AUX), and Cytokinin (CK) produced locally, or translocated from shoots, regulate nitrogen (N) acquisition events.

25. They found that common plant stress hormones, namely ethylene, auxin and abscisic acid, played a role in the hypoxia response.

26. Schematic representation of the interaction between nitrogen and phytohormones (abscisic acid, auxin, and Cytokinin) in the regulation of nitrogen acquisition

27. Later, dormin and Abscisin II were found to be the same chemical compound and named abscisic acid (Cornforth et al

28. Later, dormin and Abscisin II were found to be the same chemical compound and named abscisic acid (Cornforth et al

29. Maize seedlings respond to heat shock, water stress, abscisic acid treatment, and wounding with the synthesis of stress-specific proteins.

30. Synthetic or natural abscisic acid isolated from tomato fruits is transported in explants, petiole and internode segments from Coleus rheneltianus.

31. Ethylene responses in rice roots and Coleoptiles are differentially regulated by a carotenoid isomerase-mediated abscisic acid pathway Plant Cell

32. The invention further relates to methods for using said polynucleotides to alter plant metabolism, in particular metabolism of abscisic acid.

33. The active substance S-abscisic acid, as specified in Annex I, is approved subject to the conditions laid down in that Annex.

34. The peak of abscisic acid content was highest in 'Beaver', next highest in 'Lahontan', and lowest in the nondormant type, 'Moapa 69'.

35. The invention relates to a method for increasing the oil content in transgenic plants and plant seed by influencing the abscisic acid content.

36. Transient β-glucuronidase gene expression was highest in cells of both species after bombardment using the wheat abscisic acid inducible Em gene promoter.

37. As a phytohormone, abscisic acid regulates many aspects of plant growth and development, such as seed dormancy, germination, vegetative growth, and environment stresses.

38. The effect of auxins and abscisic acid (ABA) on shoot apical meristem development and function was analyzed in microspore-derived embryos of Brassica napus L. ‘Topas’.

39. Regulation by abscisic acid (ABA) and Ca2+ of broad bean ( Vicia faba ) abaxial and Adaxial guard cell movements and inward K+ currents were compared

40. The Authority presented to the Commission its conclusion (4) on the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance S-abscisic acid on 23 July 2013.

41. How-ever, the data in tables II and III showthat enhanced ethylene production'is only a part of the explanation of why abscisic acid stimulated Abscission

42. The invention concerns a null or extremely hypomorphic allele of the ABI4 gene causing abscisic acid insensitivity as well as salinity tolerance during germination in Arabidopsis thaliana.

43. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is not only involved in the plant abiotic stress response but also plays a major role in the regulation of various biotic stress responses.

44. Cold hardening and abscisic acid hardening may have had different effects on intramembrane particles frequency, but because of the low level of statistical significance this was uncertain.

45. For S-abscisic acid the conditions of Article 80(1)(a) of Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 are fulfilled by Commission Implementing Decision 2011/253/EU (3).

46. Abscisic Acid (Dormin, Abscisin II) is a plant hormone, which is involved in many plant developmental processes, modulates ion homeostasis and metabolism, and inhibits germination and seedling growth

47. Abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs) elicit distinct responses in Aleurone cells, ranging from those occurring within minutes of hormone addition to those that require several hours or …

48. Franco) seedlings from xeric and mesic environments was sampled during two induced, consecutive, drought cycles to determine relationships among leaf resistance, plant water potential, and abscisic acid (ABA) concentration.

49. Finally, there is disclosed the pro-inflammatory activity of abscisic acid (ABA), a plant hormone which is also found in mammal serum and against which fluridone acts an an inhibitor.

50. The 17.3-kDa storage protein of white clover possesses high homology with pathogenesis-related proteins and abscisic- acid-responsive proteins from several legume species and has characteristics common to stress-responsive proteins.

51. The invention relates to the use of a composition comprising S-abscisic acid or a salt thereof and another growth inhibiting active substance during a period of vegetative growth for the increase of the yield of agricultural and horticultural crops, annual as well as perennial, monocot as well as dicot crops, whereby the S-abscisic acid or the salt thereof is dosed in an amount corresponding to at most 40 g/hectare.

52. Either of two substances that promote leaf abscission, (a) (more fully "Abscisin I") one isolated from cotton bolls (now historical); (b) (more fully "Abscisin II") = "abscisic acid".

53. Addition of abscisic acid, an endogenous growth regulator in mosses, causes precocious brood cell formation in young cultures and is very likely the natural compound triggering their development and inducing their tolerance to desiccation.

54. The detection of abscisic acid is made by the flow photometer through which high sensitivity is achieved. Consequently, as little as 2 ng of the phytohormone can be determined with an accuracy of ±5%.

55. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a single 15-C sequiterpenoid hormone that was originally isolated from Abscising cotton fruits and maple dormant buds; the (+)-cis ABA enantiomer is the naturally active form found in plants

56. Member States shall in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009, where necessary, amend or withdraw existing authorisations for plant protection products containing S-abscisic acid as an active substance by 31 December 2014.

57. The possible interaction of the two growth regulators, abscisic acid and jasmonic acid, on the inhibition of seed germination and the induction of freezing tolerance in bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) cell cultures was investigated.

58. This invention relates to the use of N6-phenylmethyl-l H-purin-6-amine (benzyladenine) in combination with S-(+)-abscisic acid (ABA), ABA analogs or derivatives to improve the performance of germination delay seed treatments.

59. Changes in extracellular, cellular, and subcellular proteins during abscisic acid and low temperature induced cold hardening of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Wisconsin 22C) cell suspension cultures were investigated by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

60. The present invention relates to a plant growth regulating composition for preventing preharvest sprouting, comprising as active components A) a natural type abscisic acid, B) dimethipin and optional C) at least one herbicide, in addition to general inert auxiliaries.

61. She is particularly known for her work establishing that the gas ethylene is a natural plant hormone, rather than a by-product or pollutant, and for demonstrating that ethylene, rather than abscisic acid, is the major regulator of senescence (ageing) and abscission (shedding of parts such as leaves).

62. In experiments with attached and detached shoots of balsam fir, Abies balsamea L., synthetic (±)abscisic acid (ABA) (1) reduced photosynthesis and transpiration by inducing stomatal closure, (2) inhibited indoleacetic acid (IAA) - induced cambial activity in photosynthesizing and non-photosynthesizing shoots, and (3) inhibited the basipetal movement of [14C]IAA.

63. After 2 and 4 days the contents of indoleacetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) of the apical parts (apical bud including the 5th internode) and of the basal parts (3rd and 4th internode and leaves) were estimated by means of paper chromatography of ether extracts and bioassay with avena coleoptile segments.

64. The Coleorhiza has been thought to have a role in protecting the emerging root (Sargent and Osborne, 1980) and, more recently, it has been also associated with the regulation of dormancy, since abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity is reduced in this tissue during germination of non-dormant barley seeds and the gene encoding the HvABA8′OH-1 enzyme

65. (3) Commission Implementing Decision 2011/253/EU of 26 April 2011 recognising in principle the completeness of the dossiers submitted for detailed examination in view of the possible inclusion of metobromuron, S-Abscisic acid, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum D747, Bacillus pumilus QST 2808 and Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 in Annex I to Council Directive 91/414/EEC (OJ L 106, 27.4.2011, p.

66. For the implementation of the uniform principles as referred to in Article 29(6) of Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009, the conclusions of the review report on S-abscisic acid, and in particular Appendices I and II thereof, as finalised in the Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health on 13 December 2013, shall be taken into account.

67. Increased seed oil content, decreased abscisic acid sensitivity and/or increased drought resistance in a plant may be accomplished by altering expression of a HIGH- LEVEL EXPRESSION OF SUGAR-INDUCIBLE 2 (HSI2) protein in the plant to thereby increase or decrease expression of HSI2 in the plant compared to a plant grown under similar conditions in which the expression of HSI2 was unaltered.

68. (3) Commission Implementing Decision 2011/253/EU of 26 April 2011 recognising in principle the completeness of the dossier submitted for detailed examination in view of the possible inclusion of metobromuron, S-Abscisic acid, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum D747, Bacillus pumilus QST 2808 and Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 in Annex I to Council Directive 91/414/EEC (OJ L 106, 27.4.2011, p.

69. in the case of a product containing S-abscisic acid as one of several active substances, where necessary, amend or withdraw the authorisation by 31 December 2015 or by the date fixed for such an amendment or withdrawal in the respective act or acts which added the relevant substance or substances to Annex I to Directive 91/414/EEC or approved that substance or those substances, whichever is the latest.

70. (7) Commission Regulation (EU) No 588/2014 of 2 June 2014 amending Annexes III and IV to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards maximum residue levels for orange oil, Phlebiopsis gigantea, gibberellic acid, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus strain FE 9901, Spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus, Spodoptera exigua nuclear polyhedrosis virus, Bacillus firmus I-1582, s-abscisic acid, L-ascorbic acid and Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus in or on certain products (OJ L 164, 3.6.2014, p.

71. The results indicated that both abscisic acid (though being less pronounced) and proline accumulate rapidly after a distinct threshold leaf water potential value has been reached and that probably because of their higher cell wall elasticity (0.23 and 0.28 MPa for the drought-tolerant cultivars GS46 and Elsoma, respectively, compared with 0.39 and 0.31 MPa for the drought-sensitive cultivars TL33 and CDL28, respectively) these threshold leaf water potential values are reached sooner in drought-tolerant cultivars.

72. Ethylene Responses in Rice Roots and Coleoptiles Are Differentially Regulated by a Carotenoid Isomerase-Mediated Abscisic Acid PathwayOPEN Cui-Cui Yin,a,b,1 Biao Ma,a,1,2 Derek Phillip Collinge,c Barry James Pogson,c Si-Jie He,a Qing Xiong,a,b Kai-Xuan Duan,a,b Hui Chen,a,b Chao Yang,a,b Xiang Lu,a,b Yi-Qin Wang,a Wan-Ke Zhang,a Cheng-Cai Chu,a Xiao-Hong Sun,d Shuang …

73. An oligonucleotide encoding a gene which is capable of regulating the synthesis of abscisic acid and encoding an amino acid sequence consisting of from M at the 1-position to I at the 164-position of the amino acids in the sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:2 in Sequence Listing, or oligonucleotides containing an oligonucleotide encoding an amino acid sequence derived from the above-described amino acid sequence by deletion, substitution or addition of one or several amino acids; products of these oligonucleotides; and vectors and plants containing these oligonucleotides.

74. By way of derogation from paragraph 1, for each authorised plant protection product containing S-abscisic acid as either the only active substance or as one of several active substances, all of which were listed in the Annex to Implementing Regulation (EU) No 540/2011 by 30 June 2014 at the latest, Member States shall re-evaluate the product in accordance with the uniform principles, as referred to in Article 29(6) of Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009, on the basis of a dossier satisfying the requirements of Annex III to Directive 91/414/EEC and taking into account the column on specific provisions of Annex I to this Regulation.