1. Whereas western European populists promise to defend the achievements of the welfare state, access to civil rights and certain, mainly middle-class moral concepts against "foreigners", the Polish populists declare they will protect the population from the sale of its land. The peculiar electoral programmes, which from a western European point of view appear "un-European" and exotic, above all through the dominance of agrarian-populist issues, and the fact that these subjects can also lead to electoral success in the cities, are a product of Poland's development in a direction that deviates from Stein Rokkan's model.

Bei den Kommunalwahlen 2006 verloren die Koalitionsparteien ca.