1. Primary gingivoperiosteoplasty according to Millard consists of active presurgical orthopedic treatment with the Latham device at the age of 4 months and surgical covering of the alveolar cleft by local mucoperiosteum flaps at the age of 6 months.

Es soll den simultanen Lippen- und Kieferspaltverschluß im Alter von 6 Monaten (Gingivoperiostplastik nach Millard) ermöglichen.

2. The following classical brain stem syndromes are important for an ophthalmologist: diseases with III-paresis: Weber's syndrome (1863, ipsilateral oculomotor paralysis with alternating hemiplegia), Benedikt's syndrome (1889, oculomotor paralysis and crossed hemiparesis with tremor), Nothnagel Claude's syndrome (III-Paresis with alternating ataxia); diseases with VII-paresis: Millard Gubler's syndrome (1856, nuclear 7th nerve palsy with crossed hemiparesis), Foville's syndrome (1858, conjugate lateral gaze paralysis, ipsilateral nuclear palsy of the 7th nerve, crossed hemiparesis); diseases with VI-paresis: Raymond Cestan's syndrome (1895, abducent nerve paralysis with contralateral hemiparesis).

Folgende klassischen Hirnstammsyndrome (Läsionen langer Nervenbahnen und Hirnnervenparesen) sind von Bedeutung: Erkrankungen mit Paresen des N. oculomotorius: Weber-Syndrom (ipsilaterale III-Parese und gekreuzte –“alternierende”– Hemiparese), Benedikt-Syndrom (III-Parese mit gekreuzter Hemiparese und Tremor), Nothnagel-Claude-Syndrom (III-Parese mit alternierender Ataxie); Erkrankungen mit Parese des VII.