1. Benthic foraminifera include two major types of foraminifera

2. Until about 1965 the umBellids generally were referred to the foraminifers

3. Important biota are framebuilders and secondary reef encrusters (foraminifers, coralline algae).

4. The Benthonic foraminifera through three Cenomanian rhythms show consistent patterns

5. CRETACEOUS Benthonic FORAMINIFERA, LEG 20, DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT Valeri A

6. The microscopic Agglutinated foraminifera Hyperammina kentuckyensis, shown at 50 times their size

7. High-energy reefs with corals, calcisponges, algae and foraminifers were formed during the Upper Sevatian (Tschitschkautek Formation).

8. Ameboid movement occurs in some form throughout class sarcodina in the orders foraminifera and rhizomastigina

9. The new knowledge of the facies indicating significance of foraminifers is the key to the understanding of the Cenozoic paleography of China.

10. It occurs abundantly in washed residues and is frequently accompanied by other agglutinated foraminifera and encrusting miliolids.

11. The small Benthic foraminifera, which have simple internal structures, and the larger Benthic foraminifera, which have complicated internal structures and occur abundantly in the shelf regions of most tropical and subtropical shallow marine, carbonate-rich environments (Boudagher-Fadel and Price, 2013).

12. Thus, in the fossil record the Agglutinated foraminifera occur as a twofold group with a rather distinct

13. The characteristic grain size distributions observed in the test walls of Agglutinated foraminifera can be replicated by numerical simulations

14. In the petroleum industry, Biostratigraphy often denotes the use of terrestrial (pollen and spores) and marine (diatoms, foraminifera

15. In these patch reefs bafflestones and framestones with corals, hydrozoans (Rötelstein:Ellipsactinia limestones), chaetetids, encrusting algae and foraminifera are developed.

16. The biota of the reef mound (corals, calcisponges, hydrozoans, calcareous algae, foraminifera, microporoblematica) correspond with those of Dachsteinkalk reefs.

17. Biostratigraphy Biostratigraphic services include micropaleontology (foraminifera), calcareous nanoplankton, palynology, palynofacies, wellsite Biostratigraphy, stratigraphic reviews, correlation studies and multi-disciplinary integrated studies.

18. The reefs are a mass of reef-building corals and dead, calcified organisms with bones or shells—everything from coralline algae and foraminifers to shellfish.

19. Comparatively little is known about the evolution of noncalcareous unilocular Foraminifera, whose thecate (organic-walled) or Agglutinated tests are rarely encountered in

20. On a micrometrical scale, Agglutinated foraminifera have their tests formed by foreign particles glued together with a variety of cements (e.g

21. Planktonic and larger Benthonic foraminifers of the Upper Cretaceous (Santonian–Maastrichtian)-Lower Tertiary (Danian) rock units from north, northwest and central Anatolian fore-arc basins have

22. Biostratigraphy and paleoecology of early Miocene through early Pleistocene Benthonic and planktonic Foraminifera, San Joaquin Hills-Newport Bay-Dana Point area, Orange County, California

23. Agglutinated forams are a special type of foraminifera in which the test is composed of cemented sediment grains rather than calcite or other secreted substances

24. The foraminifera form Calcareous shells called tests in which the content of oxygen-18 depends on the temperature of the water in which they live

25. Benthonic foraminifera in the Upper Miocene Cruse Formation at Quinam Bay, Trinidad, western tropical Atlantic Ocean, and their palaeoenvironmental significance - Volume 151 Issue 3 - B

26. The proportions of these three types of walls (Agglutinated, hyaline, porcelaneous) in a sample of foraminifera is also characteristic of particular environments in modern seas and oceans

27. Bulletin 23 Abstract: A large fauna of Arenaceous Foraminifera comes from exposures of the Brassfield Limestone (Albion Series, Silurian) in Franklin, Ripley, Jefferson, and Clark Counties, southeastern Indiana

28. It differs from genuine chalk by the presence of foraminifera and many remains of shells originally deposited in shallow water (between 2 and 20 meters) and subsequently agitated, near a coastline.

29. ‘In contrast, the many shale layers seem to be poor in macrofossils largely because they were deposited at depth below the photic zone (upper Bathyal depth) as indicated by benthic foraminifera.’

30. Agglutinated, or arenaceous, microfossils have tests (shells) constructed from sedimentary particles bound together by organic, calcareous, siliceous, or ferruginous cement. There is only one type of stratigraphically significant Agglutinated microfossil: Agglutinated, or arenaceous, foraminifera.

31. Traditionally, testate Amoebae have been considered to be exclusively freshwater organisms, although some taxa have occasionally been found in coastal marshes in studies that focused on Foraminifera (e.g., Scott et al., 1991)

32. Amer angle Anomphalous base body whorl Bradshaw bulloides characterised climate colks columella concave band convex d'Orbigny depth dissection distribution drillholes epicentres Estimate Area fault foci Foraminifera Formation fossil Gastropods genus Geol Geological Geopbys Globigerina Globigerinoides Globorotalia Greymouth Greymouth Coalfield

33. Benthonic foraminifera are occurred continuously with common, abundant, rare and very rare which can be practically used to subdivide the successions into three Benthonic foraminiferal zone as following: V.1 Amphistegina vulgaris – Textularia gramen – Amphimorphina haueriana Zone Type: Assemblage zone

34. Benthonic foraminifers are some of the most frequent and ubiquitous biogenic components of the marine late Quaternary sediments of the Oslo Fjord, which opens through the Skagerrak into the North Sea and whose hydrography is dominated by water masses entering the fjord from the Skagerrak

35. Foraminifera (the same species as in the Alpine Upper Triassic; in additionFoliotortus PILLER & SENOWBARI-DARYAN and amphora-like tests (Cucurbita, Amphorella etc., until now only known from the Upper Triassic of the Western Carpathians and from the Hohe Wand near Vienna, Austria); 7.

36. Coral sand, that is to say material consisting entirely or in part of finely crushed fragments of dead coral no larger than 2 mm in diameter and which may also contain, amongst other things, the remains of Foraminifera, mollusc and crustacean shell, and coralline algae

37. On the submerged continental fragments of the Western Tethys, a distinctive assemblage of small-sized Agglutinated foraminifera has been described from Upper Cretaceous to Paleogene deep-water limestones in Italy, Spain (Kuhnt, 1990; Kuhnt & Kaminski, 1989, 1990), and from the Pieniny Klippen Belt in Poland (Bąk, 2000).

38. The reasoning behind this conclusion was twofold: First, turbidity is the most obvious factor common to the three facies studied but unimportant in normal marine facies where Arenaceous and calcareous foraminifera coexist; second, photosynthesis is vital to the existence of calcareous organisms and is reduced or eliminated in areas of highly

39. Important criteria are the (1) absence of algae, (2) low-diverse azooxanthellate coral community, (3) dominance of dendroid growth forms in the corals, (4) surrounding pelagic facies adjacent to the coral mounds, (5) occurrence of pelagic organisms (globigerinid foraminifera, coccoliths) within the micrite of the mound facies and intermound facies, (6) breakdown of framebuilders predominantly by bioerosion instead of mechanical destruction, (7) mound- or bank-like structure of the buildups, (8) occurrence at a high paleolatitude.